Background and purpose: Several adverse effects were reported for oral sildenafil. In this research after formulation of sildenafil topical gel, the effect of gel was compared with sildenafil tablet in a double-blind placebo-controled clinical trial. Materials and methods: After choosing the solvent system, several formulations were prepared and the most suitable gel was chosen for clinical trial. The study was a controlled randomized (block-random sampling), double blind, prospective, placebo-controlled trial. 94 patients, with clinically diagnosed erectile DYSFUNCTION were recruited. This includes men with ED of organic, psychogenic, and mixed causes. Patients were divided into two categories of age under and over 50. Six blocks were considered for including patients based on the nature of ED and age. All of the patients with ED from July 2003 to May 2004 diagnosed by one urologist were included in the study. The cases received 1% topical gel of sildenafil and placebo tablet, and the control group received sildenafil tablet (100 mg) and gel base (without drug) as placebo. The tablets were taken one hour before sexual action and the topical gel was used in 0.5g (approximately) on the glans of penis and were massaged for 5min, before the sexual activity. Results: In the case group that topical gel of sildenafil was administered, 5 patients (12.5%) had complete erection, 5 patients had moderate erection and erection was not observed in 30 (75%) of them. In control group, that sildenafil tablet was administered, these results were 28 (70%), 6 (15%) and 6 (15%) respectively. The onset of erection in case group (in-patients with complete erection) was 7.4 ± 3.6 min, but this time was 37.8 ± 14.9 min in control group. Four cases of mild headache were observed in-patients who administered topical gel of sildenafil. This was pain treated before 4 min. Two cases of severe headache were observed in-patients who were administered sildenafil tablet. The disorder on visual function was observed in one patient in control group. One case of severe dyspepsia was observed in this group too. Conclusion: Sildenafil delivery using transdermal formulation can be enhanced by several synthetic or natural percutaneous absorption enhancers, and appears to be a promising approach for the treatment of erectile DYSFUNCTION.  

Introduction: Teeth loss and its consequences, such as mental discomfort, most often negatively affects one's health and well-being. Dental implants were introduced in an attempt to raise patients' satisfaction and improve health and quality of life in all dimensions. Hence, this study was performed to check the impact of implantation on the oral health indices in patients who were candidates for implant treatment in Isfahan city. Materials & Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, the lifestyle quality of 73 patients who were referred to Isfahan’, s Islamic Azad Dental University (Khorasgan) and its affiliated private centers, was assessed using the OIDP index before and after their implant treatment between 2019 and 2020. Also, data analysis was done using Independent ttest, Paired t-test and analysis of variance ANOVA test (α,= 0. 05). Results: In the current study, the most common problem and with the most effect on oral satisfaction quality were teeth lost and extractions, respectively. Majorly, the effects were evident on the eating habits (83. 6%), satisfaction of communication with others (68. 5%) and quality of smile (64. 4%). In the questionnaire, an attenuated score of OIDP was recorded, before the implant treatment compared to that of post-treatment, which was statistically meaningful (p value < 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the current study data, we can conclude that implant treatment can have a positive effect on the patients' lifestyle quality.

Aim and Background: There is a relation between patients' levels of physical functioning and their acceptance of chronic pain. However, this relation has not been examined amongst Iranian chronic pain patients. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the relation between acceptance of chronic pain and physical disability.Methods and Materials: In a descriptive-correlational study, convenience sampling was used to select 245 chronic pain patients from pain clinics in Tehran, Iran during spring and summer of 2010. The participants completed the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and a demographic questionnaire. They also provided information about physical disability, pain intensity, and DAILY DYSFUNCTION. Data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation and multiple hierarchical regression models.Findings: There were significant relations between acceptance of pain and pain intensity and disability (P<0.01). According to the regression model, acceptance of pain could predict a significant proportion of variance of disability scales (i.e. physical disability and DAILY DYSFUNCTION) (P<0.01). Therefore, it was a better predictor of disability compared to over pain intensity, gender, education, and pain duration.Conclusions: Chronic pain acceptance is an important factor in reducing the perceived disability in chronic pain patients. Therefore, acceptance-based treatment methods are helpful to decrease pain-related disability.

Background and Aim: Patients are faced with some complications after third molar extraction. Considering this fact, some techniques are developed to reduce these complications, such as, Chlorhexidine rinse and antibiotic usage. Considering the importance of these complications, this study was conducted for the evaluation of chlorhexidine rinse and antibiotic usage to reduce post extraction complications of mandibular third molar in Tehran University Dental School.Methods & Materials: The study was a randomized double - blind experimental one. The study cases were assigned to three groups, using Penicillin V (2 gr.), Chlorhexidine rinse using and control group. The opening range of jaw and special distances in the face were measured before surgery, 48 hours and one week later. The statistical tests used were Kruskal- wallis and Mann - whitney U.Results: Penicillin V and Chlorhexidine rinse had no effect on infection, trismus, swelling and DYSFUNCTION 7 days after extraction. Chlorhexidine rinse reduced swelling at 48 hours after extraction only, meanwhile the effect of Chlorhexidine rinse and Penicillin V on swelling after 48 hours differed significantly (P<0.01).Conclusion: The study confirmed the positive effect of Chlorhexidine rinse on removing swelling at 48 hours after extraction of mandibular third molar, but it had not any effect on other complications. The group using Penicillin V did not show any decrease in post surgical complications.

Introduction: Lumbar stiffness is a common complaint of patients with low back pain. The Muscle Energy Technique (MET) is a common intervention to treat the spine and sacroiliac joint DYSFUNCTIONs and their resulting disability in DAILY activities. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of MET on pain, functional disability, and lumbar stiffness of patients with sacroiliac joint DYSFUNCTIONs by considering the type of DYSFUNCTION and the orientation of the correcting maneuver. Materials and Methods: Fifty women with ant innominate or post innominate DYSFUNCTIONs were recruited for the research and randomly divided into two groups (n=25). One group received one session of MET, and the other group received the sham position. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), lumbar Stiffness Disability Index (SDI) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used for the evaluation of the participants before, 24 hours after and one week after the intervention. Results: According to the results, MET significantly decreased the mean range of VAS and ODI, 24 hours, and a week after the intervention (P<0. 01). We did not see any significant difference in SDI values before, 24 hours, and one week after MET in the patients (P>0. 01). Conclusion: Applying MET regarding the kind of DYSFUNCTION may reduce the patient’ s pain and disability.

Background: The purpose of this study was investigating the relationship of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and erectile DYSFUNCTION (ED) in patients referred to specialized sleep clinic.Methods: 77 patients with chief complain of erectile DYSFUNCTION referred to one specialized sleep clinic by urologists or legal authorities were investigated if they had obstructive sleep apnea. They were monitored for 8 hours in view of erection, apnea, electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry and polysomnography.Findings: Tests confirmed that erectile DYSFUNCTION and obstructive sleep apnea had no meaningful relationship (P>0.05).Conclusion: In our study, the relationship between erectile DYSFUNCTION and obstructive sleep apnea was not meaningful but we understood that some psychological factors are effective for erectile DYSFUNCTION. It is suggested to study organic factors responsible for erectile DYSFUNCTION.